What You Need to Know About Belgian Malinois Health Problems

Belgian Malinois—often called “Mals”—are revered for their unmatched work ethic, sharp intelligence, and unwavering loyalty. Bred as herding and working dogs, they excel in roles like police work, search-and-rescue, and military service, thanks to their boundless stamina and focus. But beneath their tough, agile exterior lies a breed prone to specific health problems—many tied to their high-energy lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and physical demands of their work. For Mal owners, understanding these health risks isn’t just about treating issues as they arise—it’s about proactive care that aligns with their breed’s unique needs.​

While regular vet checkups, a nutrient-dense diet, and mental stimulation are foundational, dog running machines (non-electric, dog-powered models) have emerged as a critical tool for managing Mal health. Unlike electric treadmills that force speed or unstructured outdoor runs that risk overexertion, non-electric running machines let Mals move at their own pace, providing controlled, low-impact exercise that supports their bodies without straining them. They don’t cure health problems, but they help prevent them and improve quality of life for Mals living with chronic conditions. Let’s dive into the most common Belgian Malinois health problems, why traditional care falls short, and how a dog running machine can be part of a life-long health plan.

The Most Common Health Problems in Belgian Malinois

Belgian Malinois are usually healthy dogs. However, they can have some health problems. Knowing these common issues helps you care for your pet better. Here are some of the most common health concerns:

Orthopedic Issues: Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia, and Cruciate Ligament Tears

Orthopedic issues are big worries for Belgian Malinois. Hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and cruciate ligament tears are common problems.

• About 5.4% of Belgian Malinois have hip dysplasia. This means that out of 2,480 dogs checked, around 135 had this issue.

• Elbow dysplasia can also happen, causing pain and trouble moving.

• Cruciate ligament tears can occur during active play, leading to sudden limping.

Here are some signs and long-term effects of these orthopedic issues:

Degenerative Myelopathy (DM)

Degenerative Myelopathy is another serious issue for Belgian Malinois. This disease affects the spinal cord, causing loss of coordination and movement.

The chance of DM in Belgian Malinois is low at 0.029. In comparison, German Shepherds have a higher chance at 0.138. Genetic studies found the SOD1:c.118G>A mutation as a major risk factor for this disease.

Eye Conditions: Cataracts and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Eye problems can also affect your Belgian Malinois. Cataracts and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) are two common issues.

• The rate of cataracts in Belgian Malinois is about 4.6% based on eye tests from 1991 to 2016.

• PRA causes slow vision loss, starting with night blindness. While there is no specific data for PRA in dogs, it’s important to watch your dog's vision.

Here’s how these conditions affect vision and life quality:

Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is another health problem for Belgian Malinois. About 8.4% of this breed gets diagnosed with this condition each year.

Common signs include:

• Extreme tiredness

• Low energy

• Weight gain

• Skin infections

• Changes in coat quality

Treatment usually means lifelong thyroid replacement therapy with levothyroxine or L-thyroxine.

Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke

Belgian Malinois are active dogs, so they can get heat exhaustion and heatstroke. You need to be careful during hot weather.

Here are some ways to prevent these issues:

• Always provide water.

• Give plenty of shade.

• Never leave your dog in a car or on hot surfaces.

• Limit exercise when it’s very hot.

• Wet your dog with cool water to help keep them cool.

By knowing these common health problems, you can take steps to keep your Belgian Malinois healthy and happy.

Why Traditional Health Care Falls Short for Belgian Malinois

Many Mal owners rely on standard pet care practices, but these often fail to address the breed’s unique needs—leaving them vulnerable to health risks:

“More Exercise = Better Health” Is a Myth (Overexertion Causes Harm)

Many people think that more exercise means better health for Belgian Malinois. But this idea can be wrong. Too much exercise can cause tiredness, joint damage, and long-term health problems. Signs of too much exercise include:

• Heavy panting

• Limping

• Low energy

• Changes in behavior

• Dehydration

You should know that some breeds, like Belgian Malinois, may be more affected by too much exercise. Activities like jumping a lot and sudden stops can hurt muscles and tendons, causing injuries. It is important to manage these activities to keep your dog safe.

Weather Limits Safe Outdoor Activity (Heat Risks Are High)

Belgian Malinois love to be active, but hot weather can be dangerous. Heat exhaustion and heatstroke can happen fast. Always give water and shade when outside. Limit exercise when it’s very hot. You need to watch your dog closely to keep them cool and safe.

Reactive Care Misses Preventive Opportunities

Many pet owners wait until their dogs are sick to see a vet. This reactive way can miss chances for preventive care. Regular health checks help find health problems early. Preventive vet care helps with breed-specific health issues, keeping your Belgian Malinois healthy.

Generic Diets Don’t Support Their Energy or Joints

Feeding your Belgian Malinois a basic diet may not meet their special needs. Active dogs need more protein to fix and build muscles after exercise. Here’s a quick look at what they need at different life stages:

By knowing these concerns, you can better help your Belgian Malinois's health and happiness.

How Dog Runner Machines Support Belgian Malinois Health

Ronzeil non-electric dog running machines are designed to work with Mals’ instincts, addressing the gaps in traditional care. They provide controlled, low-impact exercise that supports their bodies while meeting their need for purposeful activity. Here’s how they help:

Low-Impact Movement Prevents Orthopedic Injuries

A dog running machine helps your Belgian Malinois move without much impact. This kind of exercise is very important for their joints. Belgian Malinois are lean and muscular. This can put pressure on their joints, especially as they get older. Here are some good things about low-impact movement:

• It lowers the chance of joint injuries.

• It helps older dogs stay mobile.

• It supports healthy joints overall.

For older dogs, slow walks on a treadmill for 10-15 minutes are best. This can keep their joints healthy and active.

Controlled Exercise Manages Heat Risk

Dog running machines let your dog exercise in a safe place. This is important to manage heat risks. Belgian Malinois can easily get heat exhaustion and heatstroke, especially when it’s hot outside. Here’s how controlled exercise helps:

By using a dog running machine indoors, you can keep your dog cool while they exercise.

Supports Weight Management (Fights Obesity and Thyroid-Related Weight Gain)

Keeping a healthy weight is very important for your Belgian Malinois. Dog running machines give a steady way to exercise, which helps with weight control. Here are some key points:

• They offer steady and controlled exercise.

• Indoor workouts burn calories well, especially when it’s not good outside.

• Regular use boosts heart health, joint and muscle strength, and overall fitness.

These things help prevent obesity problems, including those from thyroid issues.

Maintains Mobility for Mals with Degenerative Conditions

For Mals with DM or arthritis, a dog running machine is a lifeline. The low-impact movement keeps muscles strong (supporting weak hind legs) and joints flexible. For DM patients, short, slow sessions (10–15 minutes) can slow the progression of paralysis by maintaining muscle mass. The machine’s stable surface also reduces the risk of falls, which are common for Mals with mobility issues.

Provides Purposeful Activity (Reduces Stress-Related Health Risks)

Getting your Belgian Malinois involved in purposeful activity on a dog running machine can lower stress-related health risks. Here’s how:

• Purposeful activity meets their need to work and focus.

• A slatmill session gives both physical and mental exercise, making your dog calmer.

• Keeping a regular routine helps reduce anxiety during changes in their daily life.

By giving structured exercise, you can help your dog use energy positively, leading to a happier and healthier life.

How to Safely Use a Dog Running Machine for Your Belgian Malinois

Using a dog running machine can help your Belgian Malinois, but safety is very important. Here are some tips to make sure your dog has a safe and good experience.

Start Slow (Even for Working Mals)

• Puppies (6–12 months): Begin with 5–10 minute sessions, flat surface, no incline. Their joints are still growing—avoid overexertion.​

• Adults (1–7 years): Start with 10–15 minute sessions, flat or slight incline (1–2 degrees). Gradually increase to 20–30 minutes, 3–4 times weekly. For working Mals, use the machine on rest days to maintain fitness without straining.​

• Seniors (8+ years): 5–10 minute slow walks, flat surface. Focus on mobility, not speed. Stop if they show signs of pain (lagging, limping, heavy panting).

Use Incline Strategically (Avoid Overstrain)

Stick to 1–3 degrees of incline for most sessions—this strengthens leg muscles to support joints (reducing dysplasia pain) without adding pressure. Never use steep inclines (over 5 degrees)—this strains the spine and knees, increasing injury risk. For Mals with DM, keep the surface flat to avoid extra stress on hind legs.

Schedule Sessions Around Weather and Work

• Heat protection: Only use indoors, in a cool room. Avoid sessions during midday heat (even indoors, monitor for overheating).​

• Work balance: For working Mals, use the machine on days they don’t have intense tasks (e.g., training, patrols) to keep them fit without burnout.​

• Post-meal rule: Wait 1–2 hours after meals to use the machine—this prevents stomach upset and reduces the risk of bloat (rare in Mals, but possible with intense activity after eating).

Monitor for Signs of Distress

Always watch your Belgian Malinois while using the running machine. Look for signs of distress, like heavy panting, limping, or changes in behavior. If you see any of these signs, stop the session right away. Your dog's health is the most important thing.

Tip: Make sure to use a properly fitted harness and get help from experienced people.

Here’s a summary of best practices for safely introducing your dog to the running machine:

By following these tips, you can help your Belgian Malinois enjoy their time on the running machine while keeping risks low.

Belgian Malinois are extraordinary dogs, but their health depends on care that matches their unique needs. A non-electric dog running machine isn’t just an exercise tool—it’s a way to protect them from the health risks that threaten their quality of life. It supports joint health, manages weight, prevents heat exhaustion, and keeps Mals mobile even with chronic conditions.​

For Mal owners, the goal is to help their dogs thrive—whether they’re working, playing, or simply cuddling at home. A running machine lets you do that by providing exercise that’s safe, controlled, and aligned with their instincts. It’s an investment in their health, their happiness, and the years you’ll share together.​

Remember, a healthy Mal is a working Mal—even if their “work” is just a session on the running machine. By prioritizing proactive care and using tools that fit their breed, you’ll give your Mal the best chance to live a long, active, and fulfilling life.​